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Abstract
Five obese women were fed for six successive 5-day periods 400 kcal from single energy
sources and 800 kcal combinations of these. At 400 kcal/day, ketosis was least with
carbohydrate and greatest with fat as the diet. Four hundred kcal exogenous protein
per day, without any other dietary energy source, was found to reduce the degree of
ketosis. The addition of 400 kcal exogenous carbohydrate to 400 kcal protein was found
effectively to prevent the development of ketosis in the obese, but addition of 400
kcal as fat was not beneficial. As has been previously observed, serum uric acid was
found to rise and urinary uric acid to fall in obese subjects on lowcalorie, high-fat
diets. A low-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet had the reverse effect. Loss of weight,
sodium, and potassium was much greater with diets based on fat than on carbohydrate.
Four hundred kcal carbohydrate per day had a greater protein-sparing effect than 400
kcal fat per day in obese women. There appeared to be adaptation to continued low-calorie
intake, evidenced by progressively less negative nitrogen balances in successive periods.
In the last period, one subject maintained positive balance with only 400 kcal, as
protein. We conclude that carbohydrate is necessary in the diet to prevent ketosis
and loss of cations, to spare tissue protein and to promote adequate clearance of
uric acid, when endogenous fat is the chief source of energy. Exogenous protein can
fulfill part of this function, but it is less effective than carbohydrate at equivalently
low calorie intakes.
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Article info
Publication history
Received:
August 2,
1968
Footnotes
☆Submitted in partial fullfillment for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley.
☆☆Supported by USPHS Grant AM 10202 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NGR-05-003-068.
Identification
Copyright
© 1969 Published by Elsevier Inc.
