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Abstract
Development of the doubly-labeled water method has made it possible to test the validity
of dietary intake instruments for the measurement of energy intake. Comparisons of
measured energy expenditure with energy intake from either weighed or estimated dietary
records against energy expenditure have indicated that obese subjects, female endurance
athletes, and adolescents underestimate habitual and actual energy intake. Individual
underestimates of 50% are not uncommon. Even in non-obese adults, where bias is minimal,
the standard deviation for individual errors in energy intake approaches 20%. Two
investigations of the validity of self-reported dietary records for measuring change
in dietary intake also indicate large underestimates of the actual change. Because
of bias and imprecision, self-reported energy intakes should be interpreted with caution
unless independent methods of assessing their validity are included in the experimental
design.
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Article info
Footnotes
☆Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants No. DK30031 and DK26678.
Identification
Copyright
© 1995 Published by Elsevier Inc.
