Abstract
Objective
We investigated if daily egg feeding, along with carbohydrate restriction, would alter
lipoprotein metabolism and influence atherogenic lipoprotein profiles and insulin
resistance in men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Methods
In a randomized, single-blind, parallel design, participants consumed either 3 whole
eggs/day (EGG, n=20) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB, n=17), as part of a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet (25%–30% energy) for 12
weeks. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apos), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), cholesteryl ester
transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities
were assessed at baseline and week 12. Lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes
were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results
Atherogenic dyslipidemia improved for all individuals as evidenced by reductions in
plasma triglycerides, apoC-III, apoE, oxLDL, VLDL particle diameter, large VDL, total
IDL, small LDL, and medium LDL particles (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were increases in HDL-cholesterol, large LDL and large HDL
particles (P<0.05) for all individuals. However, there were greater increases in HDL-cholesterol
and large HDL particles, and reductions in total VLDL and medium VLDL particles for
those consuming EGG compared to SUB (P<0.05). Plasma insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were reduced, while LCAT activity,
and both HDL and LDL diameters increased over time in the EGG group only (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Incorporating daily whole egg intake into a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet
provides further improvements in the atherogenic lipoprotein profile and in insulin
resistance in individuals with MetS.
Abbreviations:
Apo (apolipoprotein), CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), CHD (coronary heart disease), CRD (carbohydrate-restricted diet), CVD (cardiovascular disease), EGG (3 whole eggs per day), HDL-C (HDL-cholesterol), LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase), LDL-C (LDL-cholesterol), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), MetS (metabolic syndrome), NCEP: ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), oxLDL (oxidized LDL), SUB (egg substitute), TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 28, 2012
Accepted:
August 27,
2012
Received:
June 15,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
