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The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in the magnitude
of caffeine-induced thermogenesis and the relationship of aerobic fitness, body composition,
and hormone and substrate concentratioons to the thermic effect of caffeine in younger
and older women. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind study design, 10 older (50
to 67 years) and 10 younger (21 to 31 years) healthy women who were moderate consumers
of caffeine (self-reported intake: younger, 139 ± 152 mg/d; older, 204 ± 101 mg/d,
NS, mean ± SD) were characterized for fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty
acid (FFA), and caffeine levels, energy expenditure, body composition, anthropometry,
aerobic fitness, physical activity, and energy intake. Before and after placebo and
caffeine ingestion (5 mg/kg fat-free mass [FFM]), the following variable were measured:
fasting plasma glucose, insulin, FFA, and energy expenditure, plasma glucose, insulin,
and FFA, and energy expenditure in response to placebo and caffeine ingestioon. Caffeine
ingestion resulted in similar increases in younger and older women for plasma caffeine
(younger, 80 ± 34 to 5,604 ± 528 ng/mL, P < .01; older, 154 ± 134 to 5,971 ± 867 ng/mL, P < .01) and fatty acids (younger, 294 ± 118 to 798 ± 248 μmol/L, P < .01; older, 360 ± 180 to 727 ± 310 μmol/L, P < .01), whereas plasma insulin and glucose levels remained unchanged from baseline.
Energy expenditure increased following caffeine ingestion in both groups (younger,
15.4%, 1.09 ± 0.14 to 1.24 ± 0.13 kcal/min, P < .05; older, 7.8%, 0.98 ± 0.14 to 1.06 ± 0.12 kcalm/min, P < .05), although there was a blunted thermic response in the older versus younger
women (older, 6.9 ± 5 kcal/90 min; younger, 15.5 ± 7 kcal/90 min, P < .05). In younger women, the thermic response to caffine was positively correlated
with the waist circumference (r = .70, P < .05) and body weight (r = .91; P < .01), whereas aerobic fitness (r = .77; P < .05) was the only significant correlate in older women. In conclusion, older and
younger women increase energy expenditure significantly following caffeine ingestion,
but older women have a blunted thermic response compared with younger women. Second,
the thermic response to caffeine is positively associated with the body weight and
waist circumference in younger women, whereas a positive association with aerobic
fitness was observed in older women. Thus, the physiologic determinants of the thermic
response to caffeine differ among women of different age groups.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 23,
1999
Received:
March 12,
1999
Footnotes
Supported by the Keck Foundation, Faculty Development and Collaborative Research Grants at Skidmore College to P.J.A., and National Institute of Drug Abuse Grant No. DA-01696 to N.L.B.
Identification
Copyright
© 2000 W.B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Inc.
