Abstract
Inflammation and the recruitment of monocytes into the artery wall are thought to
be important aspects in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The present
study was designed to examine the effects of a rigorous diet and exercise intervention
on plasma lipids and inflammatory and circulating adhesion molecules. Twenty postmenopausal
women at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat
diet, where food was provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise, primarily walking,
was performed. In each subject, pre- and postintervention fasting blood was drawn
for serum lipid, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA),
interleukin-6 (IL-6) and both soluble (s) intracellular and vascular adhesion molecule
(sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were measured. After 2 weeks, significant reductions in body
mass index (BMI) (P < .001), glucose (P < .05), insulin (P < .01), all serum lipids, and total cholesterol (total-C):high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
(HDL-C) (P < .01). Reductions in homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
(P < .01), CRP (P < .01), SAA (P < .01) and sICAM-1 (P < .05) were noted, as well as an increase in the quantitative insulin sensitivity
check index (P < .05). Reductions were also noted in 5 women not using hormone replacement therapy
(HRT). No significant reductions were found in IL-6 or sVCAM-1 in response to the
intervention. Overall, this intervention resulted in improved metabolic and lipid
profiles, reduced inflammatory, and cell adhesion molecules in postmenopausal women
in the absence of caloric restriction. The rapid improvements may reduce the risk
of acute myocardial infarction (MI), and if sustained, these changes may mitigate
the risk for atherosclerosis progression and its clinical consequences.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
October 20,
2003
Received:
June 30,
2003
Footnotes
☆Supported by a grant from the L-B Research/ Education Foundation. C.R. is supported by a National Research Scholarship Award postdoctoral fellowship, Grant No. F32 HL68406-01 from the National Institutes of Health.
Identification
Copyright
© 2004 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
