Abstract
One of the proposed causes of obesity and metabolic syndrome is the excessive intake
of products containing added sugars, in particular, fructose. Although the ability
of excessive intake of fructose to induce metabolic syndrome is mounting, to date,
no study has addressed whether a diet specifically lowering fructose but not total
carbohydrates can reduce features of metabolic syndrome. A total of 131 patients were
randomized to compare the short-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets—a low-fructose
diet vs a moderate natural fructose diet—on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters.
Patients were randomized to receive 1500, 1800, or 2000 cal diets according to sex,
age, and height. Because natural fructose might be differently absorbed compared with
fructose from added sugars, we randomized obese subjects to either a low-fructose
diet (<20 g/d) or a moderate-fructose diet with natural fruit supplements (50-70 g/d)
and compared the effects of both diets on the primary outcome of weight loss in a
6-week follow-up period. Blood pressure, lipid profile, serum glucose, insulin resistance,
uric acid, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule–1, and quality of life scores were
included as secondary outcomes. One hundred two (78%) of the 131 participants were
women, mean age was 38.8 ± 8.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 32.4 ± 4.5
kg/m2. Each intervention diet was associated with significant weight loss compared with
baseline. Weight loss was higher in the moderate natural fructose group (4.19 ± 0.30
kg) than the low-fructose group (2.83 ± 0.29 kg) (P = .0016). Compared with baseline, each intervention diet was associated with significant
improvement in secondary outcomes. Reduction of energy and added fructose intake may
represent an important therapeutic target to reduce the frequency of obesity and diabetes.
For weight loss achievement, an energy-restricted moderate natural fructose diet was
superior to a low-fructose diet.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 30, 2011
Accepted:
April 4,
2011
Received:
December 20,
2010
Footnotes
Author contributions: Magdalena Madero, Richard Johnson, Diana Jalal, Miguel Lanaspa, Carlos Roncal Jimenez, Armando Vazquez, and Laura-Gabriela Sanchez Lozada were involved in the study design. Julio Arriaga was responsible for recruiting patients and patient follow-up. Kim McFann was the statistician. Christopher Rivard and Arturo Ruiz were involved with the laboratory determinations. Oscar Perez Mendez supported the study with the lipid profile determinations.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0086873.
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
