Abstract
The objective was to examine the effects of diet macronutrient composition on insulin
sensitivity, fasting glucose, and β-cell response to glucose. Participants were 42 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT; fasting
glucose <100 mg/dL) and 27 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), healthy, overweight/obese
(body mass index, 32.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2) men and women. For 8 weeks, participants were provided with eucaloric diets, either
higher carbohydrate/lower fat (55% carbohydrate, 18% protein, 27% fat) or lower carbohydrate/higher
fat (43:18:39). Insulin sensitivity and β-cell response to glucose (basal, dynamic [PhiD], and static) were calculated by mathematical
modeling using glucose, insulin, and C-peptide data obtained during a liquid meal
tolerance test. After 8 weeks, NGT on the higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet had higher
insulin sensitivity than NGT on the lower-carbohydrate/higher fat diet; this pattern
was not observed among IFG. After 8 weeks, IFG on the higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat
diet had lower fasting glucose and higher PhiD than IFG on the lower-carbohydrate/higher-fat
diet; this pattern was not observed among NGT. Within IFG, fasting glucose at baseline
and the change in fasting glucose over the intervention were inversely associated
with baseline PhiD (−0.40, P < .05) and the change in PhiD (−0.42, P < .05), respectively. Eight weeks of a higher-carbohydrate/lower-fat diet resulted
in higher insulin sensitivity in healthy, NGT, overweight/obese individuals, and lower
fasting glucose and greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in individuals with
IFG. If confirmed, these results may have an impact on dietary recommendations for
overweight individuals with and without IFG.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 26, 2011
Accepted:
July 25,
2011
Received:
May 2,
2011
Footnotes
Author contributions: B Gower provided study design and oversight, data analysis, and manuscript preparation; LL Goree provided study implementation, data management, and input into manuscript preparation; P Chandler-Laney, A Ellis, and K Casazza helped with study design and implementation and provided input into manuscript preparation; W Granger conducted all mathematical modeling for insulin sensitivity and secretion, and reviewed the manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
