Abstract
The objective was to assess the impact of a Mediterranean-style, low–glycemic-load
diet (control group, n = 41) and the same diet plus a medical food (MF) containing
phytosterols, soy protein, and extracts from hops and Acacia (MF group, n = 42) on lipoprotein atherogenicity in women with metabolic syndrome.
Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apos), lipoprotein subfractions and particle size,
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and lipoprotein (a) were measured at baseline,
week 8, and week 12 of the intervention. Three-day dietary records were collected
at the same time points to assess compliance. Compared with baseline, women decreased
energy intake from carbohydrate (P < .001) and fat (P < .001), whereas they increased energy intake from protein (P < .001). A significant increase in energy from monounsaturated fatty acids was also
observed as well as increases in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas
trans-fatty acid intake was reduced (P < .00001). The atherogenic lipoproteins, large very low-density lipoprotein (P < .0001) and small LDL (P < .0001), were reduced, whereas the ratio of large high-density lipoprotein to smaller
high-density lipoprotein particles was increased (P < .0001). Apolipoprotein B was reduced for all women (P < .0001), with a greater reduction in the MF group (P < .025). Oxidized LDL (P < .05) and lipoprotein (a) (P < .001) were reduced in both groups at the end of the intervention. Consumption of
a Mediterranean-style diet reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease by decreasing
atherogenic lipoproteins, oxidized LDL, and apo B. Inclusion of an MF may have an
additional effect in reducing apo B.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 26, 2011
Accepted:
July 26,
2011
Received:
April 15,
2011
Footnotes
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01010841.
Author contributions: JLJ participated in data collection and interpretation and drafting of the manuscript. MLF evaluated the results, interpreted the data, and participated in manuscript preparation. MC, JB, MCC, CA, MM, and WN assisted in subject recruitment and data collection. RHL participated in experimental design and data interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
