Abstract
Objective
Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nephrolithiasis (NL) are common and clinically
important disorders. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association
of MetS and NL.
Materials/Methods
Data were obtained from 116,536 individuals who underwent health screening tests between
January 2010 and December 2010 at a health promotion center in Seoul, Korea. All subjects
were asked to respond to a questionnaire including medical history of each subject.
Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were applied to each subject. Presence
of NL was evaluated by an abdominal ultrasonography. The subjects were classified
into MetS and non-MetS group according to the criteria for MetS (National Cholesterol
Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III). Compared to the non-MetS group, we estimated
the Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of the presence of NL in
the MetS group adjusting for age, serum levels of creatinine and uric acid, and past
medical history of NL based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The prevalence of MetS was 15.9% (N=1129/7107) in the NL group, and 11.2% (N=12,287/109,429) in the non-NL group, respectively. After adjusting for the potential
confounding factors, male MetS patients had a higher presence of NL than non-MetS
subjects (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.20; p=0.01). Of MetS components, only high blood pressure (BP) was a significantly related
factor to the presence of NL (male; OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.15; p=0.043, female; OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.42; p=0.002). As the number MetS components increased, the presence of NL was significantly
higher in male subjects (P for trend<0.001), but not in female subjects (P for trend=0.961).
Conclusions
We found that NL was associated with MetS and high BP.
Abbreviations:
MetS (metabolic syndrome), NL (nephrolithiasis), DM (diabetes mellitus), TG (serum level of triglyceride), HDL-C (serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), BP (blood pressure), FPG (fasting plasma glucose), Cr (serum level of creatinine), eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), UA (serum level of uric acid), CT (computed tomography), OR (odds ratio), CI (confidence interval)Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Metabolism - Clinical and ExperimentalAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- In-depth analyses for metabolic syndrome with data of the 3rd Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005). 2007: 205-238
- Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk of the metabolic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions in the Korean population.Metabolism. 2007; 56: 552-558
- The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men.JAMA. 2002; 288: 2709-2716
- The metabolic syndrome.Lancet. 2005; 365: 1415-1428
- Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994.Kidney Int. 2003; 63: 1817-1823
- Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of urolithiasis in Japan: national trends between 1965 and 2005.Urology. 2008; 71: 209-213
- Nephrolithiasis and increased blood pressure among females with high body mass index.Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 46: 263-269
- Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria.N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 77-84
- Metabolic syndrome and self-reported history of kidney stones: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994.Am J Kidney Dis. 2008; 51: 741-747
- Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009; 24: 900-906
- Association between metabolic syndrome and the presence of kidney stones in a screened population.Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 58: 383-388
- A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group.Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130: 461-470
- Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement.Circulation. 2005; 112: 2735-2752
- The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Health Communications Australia, Melbourne, Australia2000 ([ISBN 0–9577082–1–1])
- Images in nephrology: renal cortical nephrocalcinosis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000; 15: 1080-1082
- The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance.Kidney Int. 2004; 65: 386-392
- Correlation of metabolic syndrome with urinary stone composition.Int J Urol. 2012; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03131.x
- Diabetes mellitus and the risk of nephrolithiasis.Kidney Int. 2005; 68: 1230-1235
- Diabetes mellitus and the risk of urinary tract stones: a population-based case–control study.Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48: 897-904
- Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones.JAMA. 2005; 293: 455-462
- The relationship of obesity and gender prevalence changes in United States inpatient nephrolithiasis.Urology. 2011; 78: 1029-1033
- Hypertension is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion in patients with nephrolithiasis.J Urol. 2010; 183: 576-579
- Hypertension, calcium metabolism, and nephrolithiasis.Am J Med Sci. 1994; 307: S 102-S 106
- Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography compared to unenhanced CT for stone and obstruction in patients with renal failure.BMC Med Imaging. 2004; 4: 2
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 13, 2013
Accepted:
December 11,
2012
Received:
July 25,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
