Obesity is the global epidemic of the 21st century: about 1.5 billion adults worldwide
are overweight, and among them, about 200 million men and 300 million women are obese
[
[1]
]. In some countries, the prevalence of obesity has exceeded 50%, as in Tonga (men),
and in Kuwait, Kiribati, Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga and Samoa (women) [
- Finucane M.M.
- Stevens G.A.
- Cowan M.J.
- Danaei G.
- Lin J.K.
- Paciorek C.J.
- et al.
National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis
of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and
9.1 million participants.
Lancet. 2011; 377: 557-567
[2]
]. The prevalence of overweight and obesity are also increasing in children and adolescents
in developed (about 25%) and in developing countries (about 13%) [
[2]
]. Obesity has been associated with many comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, chronic kidney
disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and malignancies, leading to increased mortality
observed in obese individuals [
[3]
]. Overweight and obesity were estimated to be associated worldwide with 3.4 million
deaths, which could also be expressed as 4% of disability-adjusted life-years lost
(DALYs) [
[4]
]. It is also alarming that children with severe obesity are apparently at increased
risk of premature death [
- Lim S.S.
- Vos T.
- Flaxman A.D.
- Danaei G.
- Shibuya K.
- Adair-Rohani H.
- et al.
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk
factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for
the global burden of disease study 2010.
Lancet. 2012; 380: 2224-2260
[5]
].Keywords
Abbreviations:
ABOM (American Board of Obesity Medicine), ACA (American College of Cardiology), AHA (American Heart Association), BMI (body mass index), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DALYs (disability-adjusted life-years), GLP (glucagon-like peptide), MHO (metabolically healthy obesity), MUO (metabolically unhealthy obesity), NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), OMEC (Obesity Medicine Education Collaborative), PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), PCSK (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type), SCOPE (Strategic Centre for Obesity Professional Education), SGLT (sodium-glucose cotransporter), T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus), TOS (The Obesity Society), WHO (World Health Organization)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 06, 2019
Accepted:
December 29,
2018
Received:
December 28,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
