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Abstract
Serum noncholesterol sterols, cholesterol precursors and plant sterols, are indicators
of cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Serum plant sterol concentrations correlate
positively with cholesterol absorption, but have also been found to correlate with
dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios. We studied the concentration of
serum noncholesterol sterols during four different fat-modified diets, (1) high-fat,
saturated fat—enriched (control), (2) reduced-fat, sunflower oil—enriched (SO-enriched),
(3) rapeseed oil—enriched (RO-enriched), and (4) reduced-fat, saturated fat—enriched
(reduced-fat), followed for 6 months in hypercholesterolemic subjects in a parallel
design. The proportion of lathosterol (micrograms per 100 mg cholesterol), a precursor
of cholesterol synthesis, increased significantly (P < .05) in both SO-enriched (mean ± SD 147 ± 57 v 167 ± 76, 0 v 6 months) and RO-enriched (147 ± 54 v 157 ± 52) groups, where the reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
was also significant. The proportion of sitosterol, a plant sterol, decreased significantly
in the control group (137 ± 48 v 122 ± 42), and the proportion of another plant sterol, campesterol, increased in
the RO-enriched group (280 ± 141 v 333 ± 162), reflecting changes in the use of vegetable oils in these two groups rather
than increased cholesterol absorption. In the whole study population, the proportion
of linoleic and α-linolenic acid (a marker of the use of RO) in cholesterol esters
(CEs) correlated (P < .001) with the proportion of sitosterol (r = .43) and campesterol (r = .36) in serum at the end of the study. In conclusion, serum cholesterol precursors
were found to be useful indicators of cholesterol metabolism, but changes in serum
plant sterols reflected dietary changes rather than cholesterol metabolism during
long-term dietary intervention with fat-modified diets.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
December 10,
1997
Received:
August 21,
1997
Footnotes
☆Supported by grants from the Finnish Food Research Foundation, Finnish Heart Research Foundation, Aarne and Aili Turunen Foundation, and the Research Council for Health, Academy of Finland.
Identification
Copyright
© 1998 Published by Elsevier Inc.
